Understanding Canine Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is a common health problem in dogs that happens when the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, controls metabolism—how the body turns food into energy. When this gland slows down, so does the dog's metabolism, leading to a variety of symptoms. The most common causes of hypothyroidism are an immune system attack on the thyroid (autoimmune thyroiditis) or the gradual shrinkage of the gland (idiopathic atrophy). Without treatment, dogs can become severely sluggish and gain unhealthy weight.
Breeds Most Predisposed:
Golden Retrievers
Doberman Pinschers
Irish Setters
Boxers
Cocker Spaniels
Great Danes
Signs and Symptoms:
Lack of energy and reduced interest in play or walks
Weight gain despite eating the same amount of food
Hair loss, usually on the trunk, tail, or hind legs, without itching
Dry, flaky skin and frequent skin infections
Intolerance to cold, leading dogs to seek out warm places
Slower heart rate than normal
In severe cases, neurological issues like weakness or loss of balance
Home Care Options:
If you note the signs above, a veterinary visit is required— contact your regular veterinarian to schedule an examination and testing.
After diagnosis, medications and regular veterinary follow ups are necessary.
Feed a well-balanced diet with high-quality ingredients and essential nutrients.
Keep exercise moderate—avoid excessive weight gain but do not overwork a sluggish dog.
Regularly check your dog's coat and skin for signs of dryness or infection.
Ensure warmth in colder months with dog sweaters or extra bedding.
Veterinary Care:
Diagnosis is done through blood tests that check for low levels of thyroid hormones (T4 and free T4) and may require additional testing.
Treatment involves giving a daily thyroid hormone supplement (levothyroxine) to restore normal hormone levels.
Regular vet check-ups are needed to adjust medication dosages and monitor progress.
