Seasonal Allergies (Atopy) in Dogs and Cats
As the seasons change, many people experience sneezing, watery eyes, and general discomfort caused by environmental allergens. But did you know that our pets can also suffer from seasonal allergies? Seasonal allergies (also known as Atopy), are fairly common.
Atopy is a genetic predisposition to developing allergic reactions, in dogs and cats. Dogs and cats can react to pollen, mold, dust mites, and other allergens. These reactions can manifest as skin irritation, respiratory symptoms, and general discomfort. Recognizing the signs and knowing how to manage these allergies can help improve your pet’s quality of life and keep them comfortable throughout the year.
What dogs are predisposed:
Multiple breeds are predisposed. Some of these include:
Labrador Retriever
Golden Retriever
Cho chow
Cocker Spaniel
Bulldogs
Dalmatian
West Highland White Terrier
Shar Pei
Lhasa Apso
Shih Tzu
Boxer
Cairn Terrier
Pug
Some cats, breed predisposition not established.
Signs are usually seen by 2-6 years of age.
What Causes Seasonal Allergies in Pets?
Atopy is triggered by environmental allergens that are more prevalent during certain times of the year. Common culprits include:
Pollen: Grass, tree, and weed pollens are common irritants that peak during different seasons.
Mold Spores: Damp conditions in spring and fall can lead to increased mold growth.
Dust and Dust Mites: These are present year-round but can be stirred up during seasonal cleanings or changes in humidity.
Fungal Spores and Mildew: Like mold, these can thrive in damp conditions and trigger allergic responses.
Pets with a genetic predisposition to allergies or a history of other allergic conditions, such as food allergies, are more likely to develop seasonal allergies.
Symptoms of Atopy in Dogs and Cats
The symptoms of seasonal allergies can vary, but the most common signs to watch for include:
Itchy Skin (Pruritus): Excessive scratching, licking, and biting at the skin. Dogs often chew their paws or scratch their ears, while cats may over-groom, leading to bald spots or irritated skin.
Ear Infections: Recurring ear infections or head shaking can be a sign of underlying allergies. Red, inflamed ears or a waxy discharge may indicate a problem.
Respiratory Issues: Sneezing, coughing, nasal discharge, and wheezing are less common but can occur, particularly in cats. These symptoms often resemble those of a cold or upper respiratory infection.
Red or Watery Eyes: Inflammation of the eyes, excessive tearing, or discharge can be another indicator of seasonal allergies.
Hot Spots and Skin Lesions: Persistent scratching can cause localized areas of hair loss, redness, and sores, which may become infected if left untreated.
Diagnosing Atopy
If you suspect your pet has seasonal allergies, a trip to the veterinarian is the first step. Diagnosis often involves:
History: there are common criteria that help with diagnosis, but not all pets exhibit all items on the list. Some of these include:
Onset of signs before 3 years of age
Indoor-living environment
Pruritus (itchiness) responds well to steroids
Front feet affected
And more
Physical Examination:
The vet will check for redness, swelling, skin lesions, and signs of secondary infections.
Additional skin testing may be performed.
Allergy Testing:
Intradermal skin testing or blood tests may be performed to identify specific allergens.
This may be done by your veterinarian or a veterinary dermatologist.
Exclusion of Other Conditions:
Skin infections, parasites (like fleas), and food allergies must be ruled out before confirming a seasonal allergy diagnosis.
Atopy is a “diagnosis by exclusion”—meaning other causes for itchy skin must be excluded, for this to become a diagnosis
Managing Seasonal Allergies in Pets
While seasonal allergies cannot be cured, they can be effectively managed through a combination of strategies. Your veterinarian will help guide you as to what option may be most ideal for your pet. Some common interventions include:
1. Environmental Management:
Reduce Exposure: Keep windows closed during high pollen seasons, use air purifiers, and regularly clean your pet’s bedding and living areas.
Bathing and Grooming: Regular baths with hypoallergenic shampoos can wash off allergens and soothe irritated skin. Wiping down your pet’s paws and coat after walks can also minimize allergen exposure.
2. Medications and Treatments:
Antihistamines: Over-the-counter options like diphenhydramine (Benadryl) may help, but always consult your vet for proper dosage and safety.
Prescription Medications: Your vet may recommend corticosteroids, cyclosporine, or newer medications like oclacitinib (Apoquel) and monoclonal antibodies (Cytopoint) to control itching and inflammation.
Allergy Shots (Immunotherapy): For pets with severe or recurrent allergies, allergy-specific immunotherapy can reduce sensitivity to allergens over time.
3. Nutritional Support and Supplements:
Omega-3 Fatty Acids: These can help improve skin health and reduce inflammation.
Special Diets: While not always related to seasonal allergies, a high-quality diet with balanced nutrients can support overall immune function and skin health.
4. Treating Secondary Infections:
If allergies lead to ear infections or skin infections, your vet may prescribe topical or systemic antibiotics, antifungal medications, or medicated ear cleansers.
Long-Term Outlook
With proper management, most pets with seasonal allergies can live comfortable, happy lives. Regular check-ups with your veterinarian, a consistent care routine, and a proactive approach to reducing allergen exposure are the keys to keeping your pet’s symptoms under control. By staying vigilant and responsive to their needs, you can ensure your furry friend enjoys every season to the fullest.
Conclusion
Seasonal allergies in dogs and cats can be challenging, but they are manageable with the right approach. Understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms, and working closely with your veterinarian to develop a tailored treatment plan will help you keep your pet happy, healthy, and comfortable no matter the season.
